Vitalik Buterin Outlines 2030 Ethereum Shift to Proofs and Off-Chain Computation

This is a directional statement about Ethereum's long-term architecture, not a near-term protocol change, and its weight rests on whether proof generation becomes cheap enough to make off-chain computation practical at scale. The affected parties are developers and infrastructure builders who would need to redesign around proof verification and parallel workflows, rather than node operators running redundant execution. The open question is sequencing: the Hegotá upgrade is framed as the accelerant, but the cost and coordination prerequisites remain unresolved, so the gap between the 2030 vision and deliverable engineering is where the real debate sits.