China, Vanuatu Hold Second Round of Talks on Upgraded Economic Partnership Pact in Beijing

The reference to rules of origin and services trade suggests the upgrade is aimed less at tariff cuts than at aligning Vanuatu with Chinese commercial standards, a pattern that matters for a small Pacific economy with limited negotiating leverage. Substantive progress after only a second round points to political momentum, though the substance of what was conceded remains undisclosed. Whether the finalized terms extend beyond trade into investment or infrastructure commitments is the open question.