Ukraine says it struck five large Russian refineries since Oct 30

The targeting pattern here is the story: strikes are now concentrated on large downstream refining assets rather than dispersed infrastructure, and Ukraine is explicitly framing them as an economic instrument aimed at fuel supply and war funding. Because the named plants include some of Russia's highest-throughput sites, the relevant question is not whether individual fires occur but whether repeated hits translate into sustained throughput losses and product export pressure. The open question is whether Moscow's repair and redundancy capacity can absorb this cadence, or whether refined-product tightness becomes visible in domestic fuel markets.